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What Is Gynaecomastia in Men? Causes & Treatment
Quick Summary
Gynaecomastia in men is a common condition where male breast tissue becomes enlarged because of hormonal imbalance between oestrogen and testosterone. It can happen at almost any age and is more common than most people think.
Some cases of gynaecomastia settle on their own. Others persist and can affect confidence and day to day comfort. But there are effective treatment options available in the UK, including surgery if needed.
This guide explains everything in a simple and clear way so you can understand what is happening and what your options are.
When we talk about gynaecomastia, we are referring to the growth of glandular breast tissue in men.
Inside the male chest, there is a small amount of breast tissue. Normally, it stays flat and unnoticeable. But when hormones become unbalanced, that tissue can grow and become more noticeable.
This is not just fat on the chest. It is gland tissue, which feels firmer and positioned directly under the nipple area.
One of the biggest misconceptions about gynaecomastia is that it is simply caused by being overweight. Excess body fat can make the chest look bigger, but this is not the same thing.
Doctors often distinguish between:
Pseudogynaecomastia
True gynaecomastia
Many men have a combination of both fat and glandular tissue. This is the reason why some men struggle to achieve the chest shape that they want even after regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle.
Effective & professional doctor-led Gynaecomastia in Men at our central London clinic
Knowing the causes is the first step in finding the right treatment.
This is the most common cause of gynaecomastia, when there is a change in the balance between testosterone and oestrogen.
When testosterone levels fall or oestrogen levels increase, breast tissue may begin to enlarge.
There are several medication linked with gynaecomastia, including:
Substances that may increase the risk include:
These substances contribute to hormonal changes, but not everyone who uses these substances develop gynaecomastia.
Some health conditions can also affect the production and regulation of hormones.
These include:
That is why it is important for a professional assessment, especially if symptoms develop suddenly.
Factors that may contribute include:
Fat tissue can increase the conversion of testosterone into oestrogen, which can make the symptoms worse.
Some men appear to be more prone to gynaecomastia because of inherited traits from their family members that may affect hormone sensitivity and metabolism.
Related read:
Common signs include:
The condition may affect one side or both sides of the chest.
Emotional effects can be just as important as the physical symptoms.
Men often tell us the feel uncomfortable:
These feelings can affect confidence and self-esteem over time.
You may have higher risk of developing gynaecomastia if you:
You can increase the likelihood of having gynaecomastia if one or more risk factors are present, but it does not necessarily mean you will develop it.
If you are concerned about the changes in your chest area, the best place to start is to get a specialist consultation. Diagnosing gynaecomastia involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and sometimes additional tests.
This may include:
Reducing alcohol and highly processed foods may also benefit you.
Regular exercise can:
Lifestyle improvements can help some men, especially those with excess chest fat. But, once glandular tissue has developed, natural remedies are often limited.
This is the reason why persistent gynaecomastia needs medical treatment.
Surgery offers a long-lasting solution.
Related read:
Options may include:
Related read:
Most men can expect:
Final results become more visible as swelling settles.
Related read:
Doctors classify gynaecomastia into four grades.
Small enlargement with no excess skin.
Moderate enlargement without significant skin excess.
Noticeable enlargement with mild skin laxity.
Significant enlargement with excess skin and a more pronounced chest contour.
Visit your specialist if you notice:
Although most cases are harmless, it is always best to seek professional advice if symptoms concern you.
It is usually harmless, but it is important to diagnose any underlying medical conditions with the same symptoms as gynaecomastia.
Yes. puberty-related gynaecomastia resolves on its own. But, persistent adult cases are less likely to disappear without treatment.
Fat feels soft and may reduce with weight loss, but gynaecomastia has a firm glandular tissue that remains even after lifestyle change and exercise.
This is the most effective treatment that can give you long-lasting improvement in your chest.
Reserve a gynaecomastia appointment
One of our experts will be more than happy to answer any questions you have.
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